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Aldabra giant tortoise
The Aldabra giant tortoise (''Aldabrachelys gigantea''), from the islands of the Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles, is one of the largest tortoises in the world.〔Pritchard, Peter C.H. ''Encyclopedia of Turtles.'' Neptune, New Jersey: T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., 1979.〕 Historically, giant tortoises were on many of the western Indian Ocean islands, as well as Madagascar, and the fossil record indicates giant tortoises once occurred on every continent and many islands with the exception of Australia and Antarctica.〔Palkovacs, E., Gerlach, J. and Caccone, A. 2002. The evolutionary origin of Indian Ocean tortoises (''Dipsochelys''). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24:216–227〕 Many of the Indian Ocean species were thought to be driven to extinction by over-exploitation by European sailors, and they were all seemingly extinct by 1840 with the exception of the Aldabran giant tortoise on the island atoll of Aldabra.〔Palkovacs, E., Marschner, M., Ciofi, C., Gerlach, J. and Caccone, A. 2003. Are the native giant tortoises from the Seychelles really extinct? A genetic perspective based on mtDNA and microsatellite data.Molecular Ecology (2003) 12:1403–1413 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01834.x〕 Although some remnant individuals of ''A. g. hololissa'' and ''A. g. arnoldi'' may remain in captivity,〔 in recent times, these have all been reduced as subspecies of ''A. g. gigantea''.〔
==Description==
The carapace is a brown or tan color with a high, domed shape. It has stocky, heavily scaled legs to support its heavy body. The neck of the Aldabra giant tortoise is very long, even for its great size, which helps the animal to exploit tree branches up to a meter from the ground as a food source. Similar in size to the famous Galápagos giant tortoise, its carapace averages in length with an average weight of . Females are generally smaller than males, with average specimens measuring in length and weighing .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ANIMAL BYTES – Aldabra Tortoise )〕 Medium-sized specimens in captivity were reported as in body mass.〔Hansen, D. M., Kaiser, C. N., & Müller, C. B. (2008). ''Seed dispersal and establishment of endangered plants on oceanic islands: the Janzen-Connell model, and the use of ecological analogues''. PLoS One, 3(5), e2111.〕 Another study found body masses of up to most commonplace.〔Hughes, G. M., Gaymer, R., MOORE, M., & Woakes, A. J. (1971). ''Respiratory exchange and body size in the Aldabra giant tortoise''. Journal of Experimental Biology, 55(3), 651-665.〕
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